Introduced in 1908. Three-magazine non-mixer. 5 to 14 point. 30 pica measure; 36 pica on special order. It was produced in two variants, a "First Style" and a "Second Style."
The English Model 4 S.M., a version with side magazines, was introduced in 1923. It is apparent from illustrations of it that it was based on the "second style" of the regular English Model 4. The side magazines in the 4 S.M. had a double distributor (but the main magazines had a single distributor), so this was a kind of hybrid non-mixer/mixer machine.
(Note that as is the case with all English machines starting with the English Model 2 and continuing up to (but not including) the Elektrons, this model is unrelated to the American Linotype model of the same number. The American Model 4 was a two-magazine mixer introduced in 1906. The English Models 4 / 4 S.M. were closer in capabilities to the American Model 8 (1911) and Model 14 (1914.))
{L&M Circa 1936}, pp. 13 and 16 describes the English Model 4 (First Style) in terms such that we would recognize it as a three-magazine non-mixer (though it does not use that term). It supported double-letter matrices in 5 to 14 point, with a measure of 30 picas. You could buy it with one, two, or three magazine equipment installed.
Non-standard magazine/keyboard arrangements seem to have been possible. "For newspaper head-lines special magazines could be arranged, providing as many as eight alphabets of caps and two complete body founts of roman and black letter, or a totla of 12 faces or 16 alphabets, all of them available for immediate use." ( {L&M Circa 1936}, p. 16.)
In the illustrations of this machine below, it looks very much like the matrices running pi are distributed not down a pi chute (as in American practice) but rather down a channel in each of the three magazines into a sort of a bowl.
Here is the English Model 4 (First Style) as shown in {L&M Circa 1936}, p. 17.
(Please see the "IMPORTANT NOTE on the copyright status of: The Linotype: Its Mechanical Details and their Adjustment " in the legal fine print at the bottom of this page. This image may be in copyright in your country, and is not licensed under the same Creative Commons license as the rest of this page. It is used here under the doctrine of "Fair Use" in US copyright law.)
An item about the English Model 4 appeared in John S. Thompson's "Machine Composition" column in the December 1909 Inland Printer He describes it as a "three decker" (which would have been a novelty in America at the time; the American Model 8 was not introduced until 1911) in terms that indicate that it is non-mixer. He also says that "The size of the mold can be altered by moving a lever at the left-hand side of the keyboard." {IP 44.3}, p. 407. Here is the illustration he provides:
(The image above links to a PDF of the entire page containing this item, including its text.)
Legros & Grant ( {LG 1916}, p. 432)
Here are two views of the English Model 4 as shown in Legros & Grant's Typographical Printing Surfaces ( {LG 1916}, plates 63 and 64).
(Scanned by me from the original. These images are public domain in the US. The images above links to PDFs constructed from JPEG conversions of the scans. Here are the original 1200dpi scans losslessly as a PNGs (15 Meg each): legros-grant-1916-plate-063-1200grey-fig-408-english-linotype-model-4-three-magazine-front-view-crop-5472x7568.png and legros-grant-1916-plate-064-1200grey-fig-409-english-linotype-model-4-three-magazine-back-view-crop-5328x7488.png )
Apparently the Model 4 underwent more or less constant improvement. In the entry on it in The Linotype Manual (1964) its makers note that "The four-pocket mould wheel, the recess and display moulds, display matrices up to 36-pt, and the universal ejector alll arrived before 1914. This source does not name a particular variant of the Model 4 which might have had all of those improvements, or specify when the "Model 4 (Second Style)" might have been introduced. ( {L&M 1964}, p. 2.) Since the English Model 4 S.M. (see below) was clearly based on the "Second Style" of the English Model 4, the "Second Style" must date to no later than the introduction of the 4 S.M. in 1923.
{L&M Circa 1936}, pp. 18 and 20, describes and illustrates (but does not date) the "Model 4 (Second Style)." It says that is capable of "faces up to 14-point and many 18-point faces" and that it is regularly a 30 pica machine (with 36 pica measure available).
Here is the English Model 4 (Second Style) as shown in {L&M Circa 1936}, p. 20.
(Please see the "IMPORTANT NOTE on the copyright status of: The Linotype: Its Mechanical Details and their Adjustment " in the legal fine print at the bottom of this page. This image may be in copyright in your country, and is not licensed under the same Creative Commons license as the rest of this page. It is used here under the doctrine of "Fair Use" in US copyright law.)
Introduced in 1923. ( {L&M 1964}, p. 2.)
{L&M Circa 1936}, pp. 18 and 20, describes and illustrates this machine. Two side magazines. It used a single standard 90-key keyboard to control both main and side magazines. 5 to 36 point (presumably the larger sizes in the side magazines). Standard measure 30 picas; available in a 36-pica wide measure version.
The three main magazines had a single distributor and functioned as a non-mixer machine. The two side magazines "had a double distributor which allowed matrices in that section to be mixed together with any of those from a main magazine." ( {L&M 1964}, p. 2.)
Here is the English Model 4 S.M. as shown in {L&M Circa 1936}, p. 21.
(Please see the "IMPORTANT NOTE on the copyright status of: The Linotype: Its Mechanical Details and their Adjustment " in the legal fine print at the bottom of this page. This image may be in copyright in your country, and is not licensed under the same Creative Commons license as the rest of this page. It is used here under the doctrine of "Fair Use" in US copyright law.)
The guidelines for "Space Required for Linotypes" in {L&M Circa 1936}, p. 163, specify:
Here is the installation floor plan for English Models 4 and 4 S.M. as shown in {L&M Circa 1936}, p. 163.
(Please see the "IMPORTANT NOTE on the copyright status of: The Linotype: Its Mechanical Details and their Adjustment " in the legal fine print at the bottom of this page. This image may be in copyright in your country, and is not licensed under the same Creative Commons license as the rest of this page. It is used here under the doctrine of "Fair Use" in US copyright law.)
{IP 44.3} Thompson, John S., ed. "Machine Composition" column. The Inland Printer. Vol. 44, No. 3 (December 1909): 406-408.
Digitized by Google from the Univ. of Minnesota copy and available via The Hathi Trust (Hathi ID: umn.31951001898769z)
{LG 1916} Legros, Lucien Alphonse and John Cameron Grant. Typographical Printing Surfaces. London: Longmans, Green and Co., 1916.
{L&M Circa 1936} The Linotype: Its Mechanical Details and their Adjustments. London: Linotype and Machinery Limited, [n.d., circa 1936]
{L&M 1964} The Linotype Manual. London: Linotype and Machinery Limited, 1964.
IMPORTANT NOTE on the copyright status of: The Linotype: Its Mechanical Details and their Adjustment , printing code "2128 M 1/EY". This book is undated, but probably dates to around 1936. (The latest two machines it mentions are the English Model 50, introduced in 1936, and the A-P-L, introduced in America by 1935. As of 2013, if this volume was published before 1938, then as an anonymous corporate work it is in the public domain in England. However, as this volume was in copyright in England on Jan. 1, 1996, due to the implementation of the Uruguay Round of GATT it acquired a US copyright which will, under current law, expire 95 years from its date of publication. The U.S. does not recognize a "rule of the shorter term." It is my assertion, however, that the brief excerpts from this book used in these web pages for the critical analysis of this historical product line constitute "Fair Use" under U.S. copyright law. Please be advised, therefore, that these excerpts and images may not be in the public domain in your country and not licensed under the same Creative Commons license as the pages on which they appear.
In the US, Legros and Grant's Typographical Printing Surfaces (1916) is in the public domain due to the expiration of all possible copyright. Its scan by me and its reprint here remain in the public domain in any country in which the original is in the public domain. In England and other countries where copyright for works published in 1916 depends on the date of the death of the author, its copyright status is unclear. It is remotely possible that we are still with 75 years of the date of death of John Cameron Grant (which is unknown).
The 1909 volume of The Inland Printer from which extracts are made here is in the public domain due both to the failure to renew copyright, as then required, and the expiration of all possible copyright on it. The digitization of it by Google/Hathi and the extracts from that digitization reprinted here remain in the public domain.
All portions of this document not noted otherwise are Copyright © 2013 by David M. MacMillan and Rollande Krandall.
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